Isolated Renewable-Based Microgrids: A State-of-the-Art Review and Comparative Analysis of Operations, Applications, and Control Strategies
نویسندگان
1 Industrial Systems Engineering and Energy Conversion Team, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier (FSTT), Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, P. O. Box: 93000, Tetouan, Morocco.
2 Industrial Systems Engineering and Energy Conversion Team, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier (FSTT), Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, P. O. Box: 93000, Tetouan, Morocco.
3 Industrial Systems Engineering and Energy Conversion Team, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier (FSTT), Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, P. O. Box: 93000, Tetouan, Morocco.
4 Industrial Systems Engineering and Energy Conversion Team, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier (FSTT), Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, P. O. Box: 93000, Tetouan, Morocco.
5 Industrial Systems Engineering and Energy Conversion Team, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier (FSTT), Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, P. O. Box: 93000, Tetouan, Morocco.
doi
10.30501/jree.2026.553018.2673چکیده
Isolated Renewable-Based Microgrids (IRBMs) have emerged as a practical and effective solution for providing reliable and sustainable electricity to remote and off-grid areas. Although extensive research has been devoted to this field, existing literature often tends to treat their architectures, energy management strategies, and control methods separately, thus offering limited comparative perspectives. This article provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art review and comparative analysis that synthesizes these interconnected aspects. It proposes a structured classification for microgrid structures, energy management systems (EMS), and hierarchical control levels. Through a detailed comparative study, we delineate the strengths, weaknesses, and context-specific applicability of various energy management methods (such as forecasting, scheduling, and optimization) and control strategies, including conventional, predictive, and AI-driven approaches. The review also examines enabling technologies such as hybrid storage, advanced converters, digital twins, and Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring, linking them to their real-world applications in rural electrification, remote communities, and disaster relief. By integrating recent developments and identifying key research gaps, this review offers a consolidated perspective to guide the future design of autonomous microgrids that are resilient, efficient, and cost-effective.
