فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

The study evaluates the performance and emission characteristics of a water-cooled compression ignition engine operating on four fuel variants: conventional diesel, B15D85 (a blend of 15% biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and 85% diesel), and two nanoparticle-enhanced blends, B15D85G85 and B15D85G90, containing 85 ppm and 90 ppm of graphene nanoparticles, respectively. Key performance parameters, including BTE, and critical exhaust emissions such as CO, CO₂, NOₓ, UHC, and smoke, were systematically analyzed. The incorporation of biodiesel and graphene nanoparticles led to a noticeable increase in engine performance. BTE improvements of 33.37%, 29.5%, and 2.8% were recorded for B15D85, B15D85G85, and B15D85G90, respectively, relative to baseline diesel. Emission analysis indicated substantial reductions across all pollutant categories. CO emissions were reduced by 36.96% for B15D85, while CO₂ emissions declined by 1.66%, 30.77%, and 25.02% for B15D85, B15D85G85, and B15D85G90, respectively. Significant NOₓ mitigation was achieved, with reductions of 23.81%, 45.23%, and 28.57%. UHC emissions similarly declined by 23.81%, 28.57%, and 45.23%, and smoke was lowered by 7.27%, 20%, and 29.09% for the three blends. Combustion diagnostics revealed that the presence of graphene nanoparticles enhances combustion efficiency, as evidenced by increased cylinder pressure. Specifically, cylinder pressure rose by approximately 2.01% and 3% for B15D85G85 and B15D85G90, respectively, compared to diesel. A marginal increase in peak cylinder temperature was also observed in the nanoparticle-infused blends, suggesting more complete combustion. Findings suggest that graphene nanoparticle-enriched biodiesel–diesel blends hold considerable promise as alternative fuels for reducing harmful emissions while sustaining or enhancing engine performance in compression ignition engines.