Pooled Prevalence Estimate of Ocular Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
نویسندگان
1 Research Center for Clinical Virology, Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
3 Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
4 Cell Science Research Center, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
5 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
6 Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
7 Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
8 Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
9 Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10 Department of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
11 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
doi
10.30476/ijms.2021.89475.2026چکیده
Background: There are reports of ocular tropism due to respiratory viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Various studies have shown ocular manifestation in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. We aimed to identify ophthalmic manifestations in COVID-19 patients and establish an association between ocular symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted for publications from December 2019 to April 2021. The search included MeSH terms such as SARS-CoV-2 and ocular manifestations. The pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using binomial distribution and random effects. The meta-regression method was used to examine factors affecting heterogeneity between studies. Results: Of the 412 retrieved articles, 23 studies with a total of 3,650 COVID-19 patients were analyzed. The PPE for any ocular manifestations was 23.77% (95% CI: 15.73-31.81). The most prevalent symptom was dry eyes with a PPE of 13.66% (95% CI: 5.01-25.51). The PPE with 95% CI for conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival congestion/conjunctivitis, and ocular pain was 13.41% (4.65-25.51), 9.14% (6.13-12.15), and 10.34% (4.90-15.78), respectively. Only two studies reported ocular discomfort and diplopia. The results of meta-regression analysis showed that age and sample size had no significant effect on the prevalence of any ocular manifestations. There was no significant publication bias in our meta-analysis. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of ocular manifestations in COVID-19 patients. The most common symptoms are dry eyes, conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival congestion/conjunctivitis, ocular pain, irritation/itching/burning sensation, and foreign body sensation.
