فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

This is a comparative research aimed at finding the reasons for difference in the geometric performance of fourth-grade students in Iran and Japan in TIMSS 2019 with an emphasis on school textbooks. For this purpose, the percentage of correct responses from students in both countries to the released measurement and geometry problems in TIMSS 2019, the timing of the introduction of geometric topics, and similar problems in the textbooks of both countries were examined. The strategy for selecting countries was “different social systems, different educational outcomes”, and the data collection method was documentary. Qualitative analysis was employed for analyze of data. The findings revealed that in all seven topics of the Measurement and Geometry domain in TIMSS 2019, Iran's average percentage was lower than Japan's, and Japan's average correct responses were higher in all problems except for one problem on symmetry. Also, differences were observed in the focus, timing of introduction, and vertical connections of geometric topics in the school textbooks of the two countries. Furthermore, the problems in Japanese textbooks exhibited greater diversity, with varied perspectives in problem design. Iran performed better in solving problems that had nearly identical examples in the textbook, while Japan demonstrated high performance even in problems without similar examples. Based on the findings, it is suggested that Iranian educational planners incorporate problems with varied cognitive levels in textbook content and consider diversity in problem design for each topic.