Multifunctional Alginate-Gelatin Scaffolds Containing Cerium-Doped Bioactive Glass for Potential Bone Regeneration: Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Evaluations
نویسندگان
1 Department of Basic Sciences, Biology and Health, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technologies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
doi
10.22074/cellj.2025.2058530.1837چکیده
Objective: Scaffolds incorporating bioactive glass (BG) have shown significant potential in promoting bone tissue repair.Cerium (Ce)-doped 45S5 BG (BG/Ce), in particular, offers therapeutic benefits by enhancing osteoblast proliferationand differentiation, as well as providing antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effectsof incorporating BG/Ce into alginate-gelatin (ALG-GEL) scaffolds at varying concentrations (5, 10, and 15% w/v),focusing on their physicochemical, biological, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties to identify the optimal scaffoldcomposition.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, BG and Ce-doped BG were synthesized and characterized. ALG-GEL,ALG-GEL-BG, and ALG-GEL-BG/Ce scaffolds were fabricated at varying concentrations and subjected to physicochemicalanalyses. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using an MTT assay at 48 and 72 hours, while cell morphology was examined byscanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of selected scaffolds (ALG-GEL, ALG-GEL-BG 10%, and ALGGEL-BG/Ce 10%) was assessed via optical density measurements at 620 nm (OD-620), field emission SEM (FE-SEM), anddisk diffusion tests. Antioxidant capacity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.Results: Incorporation of BG/Ce markedly increased the Young’s modulus of the scaffolds, from 14.1 ± 0.98 MPa forALG-GEL to 90.07 ± 2.7 MPa for ALG-GEL-BG/Ce 10%. The MTT assay revealed enhanced viability and adhesion ofhuman bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) on ALG-GEL-BG/Ce scaffolds at 48 and 72 hours.Antimicrobial assessments, including OD620 measurements, FE-SEM imaging, and disk diffusion tests, demonstratedsuperior antibacterial activity of the ALG-GEL-BG/Ce 10% scaffold against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureuscompared to its Ce-free counterpart. Furthermore, the ALG-GEL-BG/Ce 10% scaffold exhibited notable antioxidantactivity.Conclusion: The ALG-GEL-BG/Ce scaffold demonstrates enhanced physicochemical, antibacterial, and antioxidantproperties, highlighting its potential as a novel biomaterial for bone regeneration applications.
