فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Uncertainty is an inherent component of any measured or model-derived quantity and depends on both the applied mathematical formulation and the uncertainties of its input parameters. Since direct measurement of compressive stress in glass is generally not feasible, mathematical models such as the Marshall–Lawn indentation formula are widely used. In this study, the uncertainty associated with this formula is evaluated following the ISO Guide 98 (GUM) framework. Sensitivity coefficients are obtained from the partial derivatives of the model, and a complete uncertainty budget is constructed based on experimental data and literature-derived inputs. The results provide a traceable and structured uncertainty analysis for estimating residual compressive stress in toughened glass surfaces.