فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Natural ventilation plays a critical role in improving indoor air quality and reducing energy consumption in residential buildings located in hot and humid climates. Among passive design strategies, the central courtyard has long been recognized as an effective architectural element for enhancing airflow and thermal performance. However, the quantitative influence of courtyard proportions on indoor ventilation efficiency remains insufficiently explored.The data collection method is library-based and field collection using researcher-centered collections. Subsequently, simulation is performed on the model presented in this phase for evaluation based on criteria and indicators obtained from the main variables in the software. After the climatic study of Bushehr city, Design Builder software is used to analyze and simulate the case studies of the research, which includes 6 historical houses: Haj Rais house, Dehdashti house, Golshan House, Tayyeb house, Azin House, and Nozari house in Bushehr city, which were selected based on the 4 criteria of the existence of a central courtyard. The findings of this study show that medium to high aspect ratios, approximately 1 to 2.1, have significant potential to improve ventilation on the first floor compared to the ground floor, provided that the openings are aligned with the prevailing wind of the area and that there are air flow paths through the openings. Ratios lower than 0.7 generally result in less ventilation on the first floor, unless the facade and openings are designed to direct the prevailing wind inward. The results demonstrate that an integrated consideration of courtyard proportions, opening configuration, and wind orientation can substantially improve natural ventilation performance in hot and humid climates. These results provide practical design guidelines for optimizing courtyard-based residential buildings and reducing reliance on mechanical cooling systems.