فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Lactation compromises immune function through metabolic stress and nutrient partitioning toward milk production, increasing disease susceptibility. This study investigated immunomodulatory effects of prebiotic (inulin), probiotic (Lactobacillus spp.), and synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and hematological profile in lactating does. Forty-eight New Zealand White does (2.8-3.2 kg, second parity) were allocated to four groups (n=12): control, prebiotic (3 g/kg inulin), probiotic (1×10⁹ CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus + L. plantarum), and synbiotic (prebiotic + probiotic) from day 1 through 28 post-partum. Parameters included immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ), lysozyme activity, complete blood count (CBC), and differential leukocyte count. Results showed synbiotic supplementation significantly elevated serum IgG by 38% (2486±246 mg/dL vs. 1802±186 mg/dL in control, P<0.001), "IgA by 42% (P<0.001), and IgM by 34% (P=0.002), indicating enhanced humoral immunity. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased 56% (P<0.001), while pro-inflammatory IL-6 decreased 32% (P=0.004) and TNF-α reduced 28% (P=0.008), demonstrating a modulation of the immune response toward a more balanced state. However, IFN-γ showed non-significant changes (P=0.186). Lysozyme activity increased by 48% with synbiotic treatment (P<0.001), confirming enhanced innate immunity. Hematological analysis revealed significant improvements: total leukocyte count increased 24% (P=0.006), lymphocyte percentage elevated 18% (P=0.012), while neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio decreased 26% (P=0.018), indicating reduced inflammation. Red blood cell parameters (RBC, Hb, HCT) remained unchanged (P>0.05), confirming erythropoiesis stability. A strong positive correlation was observed between IgA and lysozyme activity (r=0.74, P<0.001). Probiotic alone showed intermediate immunomodulatory effects, while prebiotic demonstrated milder benefits.