فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

This study confirmed the green formation of zinc oxide nanoscale particles (ZnO‑NPs) via the extract of ginger rhizome as a sustainable and effective stabilizing agent. Surface modification by ginger-derived phytochemicals resulted in a distinct red shift in optical absorption and a narrowing of the bandgap, indicating successful electronic tuning of the material. In comparison to pure ZnO-NPs, the ginger-mediated approach produces much smaller crystallites and a more uniform particle dispersion, according to structural and morphological characterizations. The biological performance of the nanoparticles was directly improved by these physicochemical changes; the modified GE-ZnO-NPs demonstrated greater antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. This work presents a sustainable method for creating bio-active nanomaterials with improved performance for antimicrobial functions by emphasizing the cooperative role of phytochemical functionalization in fine-tuning particle size and surface chemistry.