فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

The article examines contrasting perspectives on the Qur’an in the First Polish Republic (1569–1795), where Muslim Tatars coexisted with predominantly Christian populations. A comparative textological method was employed in the analysis. It explores two approaches: the apologetic tefsir , a Polish Qur’an translation from the late 16th to early 17th century, and a 17th-century polemical treatise, The Life of Muhammad and Description of the Qur’an by Michel Baudier, translated into Polish by an anonymous nobleman. While the tefsir aimed to preserve Tatar Islamic identity using local languages and Islamic exegetical sources, Baudier’s treatise criticized the Qur’an as false and deceptive. This study highlights different approaches to the interpretation of the Qur’an, shaped by social and religious contexts as well as the cultural background of the European Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Our findings indicate that the Reformation period fostered a climate of multiculturalism, allowing the Polish Tatars to translate the Qur’an for their fellow Muslims without significant obstacles. In contrast, the Counter-Reformation era, marked by the growing influence of the Ottoman Empire in contemporary Europe, triggered apologetic reactions among local Catholics, who subjected the Qur’an to severe and unjust criticism.