An Evolutionary Reading of Adam's Creation in the Qur'an with Emphasis on the Concepts of Creation and Selection

نویسندگان
میره محمد ID 1
علی مددی سالار ID 2

1

2 دانشگاه فرهنگیان

doi
10.37264/jiqs.v1i1.4
چکیده

In theological debates about the creation of human and the theory of evolution, “the theory of creation” means the creation of human at once by the creator of the universe, and “the theory of evolution” means the natural, normal, and gradual creation of human in the evolutionary cycle of life. The question is whether the Qur’an also views human creation as contradictory to his natural and evolutionary genesis. This study shows that the Qur’anic concepts of creation (khalq) and selection (iṣṭifāʾ) based on the contextual analysis of these vocabularies allow for an evolutionary reading of human creation. Creation means the emergence of phenomena in a natural, time-consuming, step-by-step process with the interference of natural laws supported by God’s command. The meaning of the presence of divine command in all stages of creation is the consciousness of all the objects and their components which is effective in the process of creating an organ along with other factors. Also, the concept of selection of Adam suggests that Adam was chosen among his contemporaries as the first modern human being because of his physical and mental superiority, and his creation was not at once, unnatural and unrelated to previous generations.

کلیدواژه‌ها
All things are created by God (Q.25:2; 6:101-102; 13:16; 39: 62) The heavens and the earth and the sun and the moon and the mountains and the beasts and the plants (Q.31:10-11) and the animals (Q.36:71; 88:17) even to life and death (Q.67:2), night and day (Q.21:33), both sexes (Q.53:45), angels (Q.43:19; 37:150), and jinn (Q.6:100) Created. It also discusses the factors behind many phenomena and their role, such as the role of winds in moving clouds and falling rain (Q.30:48; 35:9)., Creation has a beginning and a starting point (Q.10:4; 10:34; 29:19-20; 27:64; 30:11;27), Creation begins with the raw material available. Sometimes this article is mentioned, such as fire for jinn (Q.55:15), water (Q.25:54) or soil (Q.32:7; 18:37) or sperm (Q.16:4) for human creation. But there is sometimes a reference to the low value of the raw material., Creation is a time-consuming process. Sometimes its duration is mentioned, such as the creation of the heavens and the earth in six periods (Q.7:54)., Creation is a gradual and step-by-step process (Q.39:6; 23:14)., Everything is created by measurement (Q.25:2; 54:49; 80:19)., Creation is always going on (Q.16:8)., The creation of the world and human is renewed in the resurrection (Q.30:11; 27:64; 34:7; 13: 5; 17:49)., Both origination and renewal are made at God's command (Q.36:82; 3:47)., Everything is created by God, and creation means the emergence of phenomena in a natural, time-consuming, step-by-step process with the interference of natural laws supported by God's command, of course., All beings have two aspects: 1- Command which is pictured, from God's perspective, free from time; In that aspect, all beings are conscious and submissive to God, and everything immediately appears at God's will. 2- Creation which is pictured from the perspective of nature. So, the difference is in perspective, not in the system of laws, and thus the existence of two kinds of worlds cannot be deduced., The human body and mind are unified in nature, and the way in which they are created, as in all beings of the world, occurs in a natural process., The creation of Adam, like all human beings, was natural and like Noah and the descendants of Abraham and Israel, Adam was selected physically and mentally over the people of his time., RIS, EndNote, Mendeley, BibTeX, APA, MLA, HARVARD, CHICAGO, VANCOUVER