فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tropical biomass residues like coconut shells are abundant and relevant for the transition toward low-carbon hydrogen. However, coconut shell bio-oil is rich in oxygenated aromatics that complicate reforming and accelerate catalyst deactivation. While many studies focus on catalyst performance, system-level assessments that jointly quantify process performance together with energy–exergy behavior, preliminary environmental indicators, and techno-economic implications for coconut shell bio-oil remain limited. The objectives of this study were to address this gap by comprehensively evaluating hydrogen production from coconut shell bio-oil via an integrated steam reforming process. METHODS: Process simulation was conducted in Aspen Plus V11 using the Peng–Robinson method. The bio-oil feed was represented by five compounds based on fast pyrolysis data: phenol (45.42 mole percent), guaiacol (34.34 mole percent), catechol (10.09 mole percent), vanillin (6.38 mole percent), and furfural (3.77 mole percent). Steam reforming was integrated with water–gas shift and pressure swing adsorption. Operating conditions were screened from 600 to 1000 degree Celsius and 5 to 9 bar. Energy–exergy analysis, a gate-to-gate environmental assessment, and a techno-economic evaluation were performed.FINDINGS: Hydrogen production increased sharply from 600 to 700 degree Celsius and then plateaued at 0.2332 to 0.2338 kilograms per hour above 800 degree Celsius, while pressure provided only modest gains. Heat integration shows that water–gas shift heat release (2.564 kilo Watt) nearly offsets the reformer/pre-heater duty (2.620 kilo Watt), increasing exergy efficiency from 46.7 percent to 54.3 percent. The environmental assessment reports a net carbon intensity of 8.5 kilograms carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram hydrogen with water consumption of 18.5 liters per kilogram hydrogen. The techno-economic assessment indicates strong scale sensitivity, with capital cost of 2,743,530 United States Dollar and annual operating cost of 1,292,780 United States Dollar under the stated basis. CONCLUSION: The screening supports a practical operating window around 700 to 800 degree Celsius. Further gains are better targeted through improved heat recovery, steam management, purification recovery, residue valorization, and scale-up assessment rather than further temperature escalation beyond the plateau region.