فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals, particularly copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), has emerged as a significant environmental concern driven by escalating anthropogenic activities. These metals are persistent, bioaccumulate across trophic levels, and exert toxic effects on aquatic organisms and human health. To address this issue, bacterial-based bioremediation has gained prominence as a sustainable and eco-friendly solution. This approach leverages the intrinsic capabilities of specific microorganisms to absorb, sequester, and neutralize heavy metals through mechanisms including bioadsorption, the expression of heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), and nanoparticle biosynthesis. Notably, species such as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have demonstrated remarkable efficiency, achieving up to 100% bioremoval of Pb and Cu, respectively. Advances in biotechnology, including omics technologies, genetic engineering, and nanobiotechnology, have significantly enhanced the capacity of bacteria for effective heavy metal remediation. Future strategies are likely to involve synergistic approaches, such as the coupling of microbial agents with functionalized nanoparticles, real-time monitoring systems powered by Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the reinforcement of industrial waste regulations to optimize overall remediation efficacy. Although challenges persist, particularly concerning the complex interactions between microbes and their environments, the integration of multidisciplinary approaches offers a holistic and environmentally responsible framework for mitigating Cu and Pb pollution. Furthermore, this strategy fosters greater community involvement in sustainability initiatives. Consequently, bacterial-based bioremediation is not only a promising method for restoring aquatic ecosystems but also a critical pillar in the development of future-oriented environmental management strategies.