A review of Pickering emulsions-based delivery systems: Encapsulation, enhancing the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds

نویسندگان

1 Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj campus, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

2 Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj campus, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

doi
10.22059/jfabe.2025.404603.1220
چکیده

Pickering emulsions are surfactant-free mixtures consisting of two immiscible fluids stabilized by solid particles.These emulsions offer prolonged stability to liquid droplets and resistance to coalescence. In recent decades, interestin Pickering emulsions has surged due to their superior properties compared to conventional emulsions, particularlytheir exceptional stability and versatility across various applications. The compatibility of stabilizing particles, alongwith their capacity to encapsulate and release active components, has led to diverse applications in the biomedical,pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, food, and cosmeceutical industries. With their unique structure, Pickering emulsionsprovide stability, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness, making them promising candidates for drugdelivery. Given the emphasis on the biocompatibility of particle stabilizers, the use of Pickering emulsions hasincreasingly focused on encapsulation and delivery, particularly for oral and topical administration. These emulsionscan enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble bioactive compounds in oral delivery systems while providingcontrolled release mechanisms. This review briefly explains the physicochemical properties, preparation methods,and characterization techniques of Pickering emulsions, highlighting their suitability for delivering bioactivecompounds. We delve into recent advancements in the stability and formulation of Pickering emulsions and theirapplications for both oral and topical administration. The review discusses challenges encountered and identifiesopportunities for future research, emphasizing their potential to improve stability and release during gastrointestinaldigestion.