Measuring Quality of the Agricultural Extension Pamphlets: Scale Construction and Standardization
نویسندگان
1 Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
2 Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
3 Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
4 Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
doi
چکیده
In Egypt, pamphlets are often used to disseminate agricultural information to farmers. The aim of this study was to construct and develop a scale of quality standards for agricultural extension pamphlets. The process to construct the scale involved the following steps: (1) The articulation of the construct; (2) Selection of response format; (3) Data collection; and (4) Psychometric analysis. The scale consists of 33 items measuring five domains: content; processing the information; the appearance of text; illustrations; and designing and formatting. Items analysis, reliability, and validity estimates were obtained by a group of experts (N= 78). The reliability of the domains was strong and ranged from (α= 0.81 to α= 0.91). The authors tested validation process by evidence of content validity, criterion-related validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity. Depending on the reliability and validity results, the scale was suggested as a reliable tool for assessing the quality of agricultural extension pamphlets. Implications for practice in planning and evaluation of printed materials for agricultural extension work are discussed.
