فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

The CMOS technology has been faced challenges such as high-power consumption and reduced efficiency. So, the need for alternative technologies is essential. The Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is a promising solution for high-efficiency digital circuits design. The Reversible circuits play crucial role in this context as they minimize energy dissipation through thermodynamically optimal computation. In addition, the shift registers have vital role in digital circuits design. They are used for storing, transferring, and converting digital data. They're also essential component in signal processing, control systems, and frequency division, enabling the creation of complex, scalable physical systems. This study focuses on the structures of reversible universal shift register implemented in QCA technology. It provides a comprehensive study on the theoretical foundations, architectures, research directions, and challenges in this field. Through systematic analysis of existing architectures and design methodologies, we evaluate key performance metrics including cell count, area efficiency, and propagation delay. Our comparative analysis demonstrates that QCA-based reversible universal shift registers achieve significant improvements over conventional CMOS implementations, offering reduced hardware complexity and enhanced energy efficiency. The results indicate potential for developing next-generation of nanoelectronics systems with superior performance characteristics. This work provides both theoretical insights and practical design guidelines that can serve as a roadmap for future researches and developments in QCA-based reversible digital circuits design.