Modern methods of introduced and domestic grape varieties in the climatic conditions of the South and Southeast Kazakhstan
نویسندگان
1 Department of Breeding of Fruit, Berry Crops and Grapes, Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit & Vegetable Growing, 050060, Almaty City, Ermek Serkebaev Avenue, 62, Republic of Kazakhstan
2 Department of Breeding of Fruit, Berry Crops and Grapes, Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit & Vegetable Growing, 050060, Almaty City, Ermek Serkebaev Avenue, 62, Republic of Kazakhstan
3 Kazakh National Agrarian University, 050010, Almaty City, Abai Avenue, 8, Republic of Kazakhstan
4 Department of Breeding of Fruit, Berry Crops and Grapes, Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit & Vegetable Growing, 050060, Almaty City, Ermek Serkebaev Avenue, 62, Republic of Kazakhstan
5 Department of Breeding of Fruit, Berry Crops and Grapes, Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit & Vegetable Growing, 050060, Almaty City, Ermek Serkebaev Avenue, 62, Republic of Kazakhstan
6 Department of Breeding of Fruit, Berry Crops and Grapes, Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit & Vegetable Growing, 050060, Almaty City, Ermek Serkebaev Avenue, 62, Republic of Kazakhstan
7 Department of Breeding of Fruit, Berry Crops and Grapes, Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit & Vegetable Growing, 050060, Almaty City, Ermek Serkebaev Avenue, 62, Republic of Kazakhstan
doi
10.22124/cjes.2026.9559چکیده
The work aimed at studying the behavior of introduced and domestic grape varieties in the conditions of Southeastern Kazakhstan. The biological characteristics, disease resistance, winter hardiness, and ripening periods were evaluated. Based on the results of long-term observations, promising varieties were identified and recommended for industrial cultivation in the foothill and lowland regions of the region. A comparative study of introduced foreign grape varieties and domestic breeding forms was conducted to assess their agrobiological characteristics and resistance to abiotic and biotic factors. It has been established that some local varieties are more resistant and productive than their introduced counterparts, which confirms the feasibility of their further zoning and implementation. The study provides a comparative analysis of the introduced and domestic grape varieties for the period 2022-2024 in the ecological and climatic conditions of the Saryagash District of the Turkestan Region in the regional branch of Saryagash and the Talgar District of the Almaty Region in the regional branch of Talgar. As a result of the conducted yield studies, grape varieties and hybrid forms KV-2/9 (8.5 kg), DV-10/11 (7.8 kg), Azim (8.0 kg), DV-7/17 (8.0 kg), Aisulu (7.7 kg), Mereitoy-50 (7.3 kg) were isolated from the bush. The lowest yield was noted in grape varieties and hybrid Hungarian muscat (st; 4.7 kg), Goat carcass (4.4 kg), DX-17/90 (4.4 kg), KII-1/29 (4.8 kg). In the course of the molecular genetic analysis of the Kazakhstani varieties and hybrids of grapes, samples were identified that have resistant alleles to the main fungal diseases: powdery (Oidium) and downy mildew (mildew). Markers to the loci Run1, Ren1, Rpv3, Rpv10 and Rpv12 were used. According to the results of the study, six genotypes were identified (including the reference varieties Muscat Hungarian, Tayfi Pink, Zhemchug Saba, and hybrids DV-10/11, KII-1/29, and KV-2/9), which have complex resistance at several loci. These forms are of significant interest for use in breeding programs to create resistant grape varieties.
