Phytosanitary diagnostics of apple powdery mildew, Podosphaera leucotricha and apple scab, Venturia inaequalis
نویسندگان
1 Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dostyk st.13, 050010, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2 Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dostyk st.13, 050010, Almaty, Kazakhstan
3 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaeva st. 2, 010008, Astana, Kazakhstan
4 M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Tauke Khan st.5,160009, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
5 Kazakh Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute, Gagarin st. 238/5, 050060, Almaty, Kazakhstan
6 Central Asian Innovative University, Madeli khozha st. 137, 160023, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
7 Toraighyrov University, Lomov st.46, 140008, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
8 Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dostyk st.13, 050010, Almaty, Kazakhstan
doi
10.22124/cjes.2025.9205چکیده
The article presents the results of phytosanitary monitoring of apple orchards in the Almaty region, Kazakhstan conducted in 2023. The aim of the study was to determine the distribution and development level of major fungal diseases of apple trees – scab, Venturia inaequalis and powdery mildew, Podosphaera leucotricha – under the conditions of Southern and Southeastern Kazakhstan. Surveys were carried out in the orchards of “Koram” farm (Koram village, Enbekshikazakh district), where nine apple cultivars (Gala, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Quinti, Red Delicious, Shaphida, Korean, and Stark Earliest) were grown on an area of 110 ha. For the phytosanitary assessment, 95–100 trees of each cultivar were examined, and 2500–3000 leaves per cultivar were analyzed. The results revealed cultivar-specific susceptibility to fungal pathogens. Scab infection was recorded in Gala, Golden Delicious, and Stark Earliest (15.0–22.0% prevalence with a low development level of 0.4–1.3%). Symptoms of powdery mildew were observed in Gala, Fuji, Golden Delicious, and Red Delicious, where the prevalence reached 30.0–33.3%, while the disease development remained weak (0.3–1.5%). No symptoms of either disease were detected in the Quinti, Shaphida, and Korean cultivars. Thus, Gala, Golden Delicious, and Red Delicious were identified as the most susceptible cultivars, whereas Quinti, Shaphida, and Korean demonstrated relative resistance to scab and powdery mildew. The findings confirm the necessity of systematic phytosanitary monitoring of orchards and may serve as a scientific basis for breeding programs and for the introduction of resistant apple cultivars in the southern regions of Kazakhstan.
