Production and biological characteristics of medium-ripened apple varieties in Western Kazakhstan
نویسندگان
1 Institute of veterinary and agrotechnology, Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
2 Institute of veterinary and agrotechnology, Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
3 Institute of veterinary and agrotechnology, Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
4 Institute of veterinary and agrotechnology, Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
5 Institute of veterinary and agrotechnology, Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
6 Institute of veterinary and agrotechnology, Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
7 Institute of veterinary and agrotechnology, Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
8 Kazakh research institute of fruit & vegetable growing» LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan
doi
10.22124/cjes.2025.8946چکیده
Performance tests of two crop seasons (2024-2025) were conducted in semi-drought conditions of western Kazakhstan at the experimental farm of Aktobe Province, Tarbaghatai Station, with the aim of evaluating the productive and biological characters of four local mid-season apple genotypes: Aport Kazakh, Bayanauli Red, Zurbash Talaei, and Alma-Ata 1. Tested cultivars were grafted onto Arm-18 and B7-35 rootstocks and supported by drip irrigation at water demand of 80%. The results showed large genotypic differences in phenological indicators with the highest ripening period for Zurbash Talaei (158 DAF). B7-35 rootstock provided 18.1% yield increment and 14.2% photosynthetic stability enhancement under drought condition. Qualitatively, Red Bianaoli had the maximum level of bioactive compounds (254.6 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g-1) and antioxidant capacity (68.3 μmol TE g-1). This cultivar preserved best too, with 91.6% tissue firmness retained after 90 days storage under a controlled atmosphere. Drought stress increased phenolic compounds by 22.4% in Alma-Ata 1, indicating stimulation of secondary metabolic processes. The high negative correlation between yield and antioxidant capacity (r = -41%) revealed the inherent paradox between production potentiality and nutritional value. Based on the findings, Red Bianaoli was identified as a best option for sustainable orchard development keeping in mind several benefits including stress tolerance (drought tolerance index 0.92), richness in bioactive compounds, and long-term storage capacity. The result of this study provides functional solutions to optimizing the horticultural system and the establishment of protocols to preserve indigenous genetic resources against climate change.
