فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

This paper employs a multi-objective linear integer programming optimization model for bioenergy supply chain planning to optimize total costs and total bioenergy production from Jatropha and Paulownia biomass. The model incorporates various decisions, including the allocation of farms to different biorefineries using two transportation modes (road and rail), determining the flow of raw materials from farms to biorefineries and optimizing the quantities of bioenergy production. In addition to energy considerations, the model also addresses water usage, thereby incorporating the water-energy nexus framework. In order to solve the model, ε-constraint method is applied. The case study focuses on farms in southern and southwestern Iran. The results clearly demonstrate that implementing the closed-loop model significantly reduces overall supply chain network costs.