فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

In this study, a hybrid boundary-finite element approach is proposed for solving nonhomogeneous soil freezing models, including internal inclusions. In this regard, by dividing the nonhomogeneous model into homogeneous parts and applying the hybrid element approach to each part, the resultant equations are combined using the continuity and consistency conditions  at the interface boundaries. After introducing the discretized form of the equations using hybrid element approach,  the implementation is carried out in a computer code and verified by solving several classic examples. Finally, a parametric study is conducted in which a soil layer  containing circular and  square-shaped inclusions is modeled using the proposed method, and the effects of freezing pipes placement, inclusion geometry, and soil properties on the freezing growth performance  are evaluated. The results showed that the freezing pipe configuration, combined with the inclusion geometry installed outside the inclusion, provided more uniform and optimal freezing results in  comparison to other configurations make it suitable for stabilizing underground tunnel walls in a nonhomogeneous soil layer.