فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a transformative solution to address the pressing challenges associated with conventional diesel-based transportation systems, including greenhouse gas emissions, urban air pollution, and the reliance on finite fossil fuel resources. This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements in EV technologies, evolving market dynamics, and the critical infrastructure required for widespread deployment. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of EVs into smart grids and intelligent urban traffic systems, which has demonstrated quantifiable benefits such as up to 15% reduction in peak electricity demand, 20% savings in energy costs through smart charging strategies, and 25–30% decrease in urban CO₂ emissions. Moreover, bidirectional energy exchange via Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) models is shown to enhance grid stability and flexibility, particularly during peak load periods. The review also identifies significant regional disparities in policy effectiveness, with China and the European Union leading adoption efforts due to structured incentives and coordinated charging infrastructure. This study aims to inform policymakers, urban planners, industry stakeholders, and researchers by providing strategic, data-driven insights into the transition toward intelligent, low-carbon transportation systems.