فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

The electric propulsion systems in maritime industry and road transport can mitigate global warming. This paper aims to introduce cases studied in the worldwide projects from systematic, energetic, economic, and environmental points of view. In addition, some features of these technologies such as structure, operating modes, specifications of electric and hybrid propulsion systems, other numerical characteristics of these systems, and etc. are presented to introduce some benchmark test systems for future studies. Finally, systematic specifications, prime movers, power generation capacity, advantages and disadvantages of some real cases of full-electric and hybrid ships are discussed. It is proved that hybrid propulsion systems composed of renewable energy resources-based power trains such as photovoltaic panels and wind turbines, green hydrogen-based fuel cell stacks, and conventional ICEs should be coupled in ships and vessels to improve the energy-efficiency of the whole drive train and mitigate the water and air pollutants emitted from the fossil fuels-based ICEs. Hybrid drive trains typically require additional equipment such as batteries, electric generators, which can increase their weight and space requirements on vessel, potentially impacting cargo capacity. It is found that pure-electric drive trains have higher energy efficiency, zero-carbon footprints, low maintenance of electric motors, regenerative braking, and power availability for onboard systems such as advanced radar, sonar, and weapon systems, which is particularly beneficial for naval applications. Meanwhile, higher initial investment costs, charging infrastructure requirements, and limitations in range and operational efficiency of fully electric ships due to batteries energy storage capacities are disadvantages of full-electric propulsion systems.