فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy in older males and the second most common malignancy in the West. PC use has increased in the last decade. The number of males over 65 is expected to quadruple between 2000 and 2050. By 2030, the proportion of men over 65 will increase to 19.6% of the population, up from 12.4% in 2000. The number of males with prostate cancer and the need for special care will increase in the coming years. As men age, microscopic foci of prostate cancer predominate. Results of autopsy studies have shown that approximately 30% of men over the age of 50 have histological evidence of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is becoming more common. It is additionally recognized in young males who need treatment that does not compromise their quality of life, take time off work, or cause troubling side effects. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, and third-generation cryotherapy promise new treatment choices for males diagnosed with PC. Although most prostate cancer patients develop microscopic disease as they grow up, only a minority of these patients experience invasive prostate cancer. Because of the insidious course and the fact that most patients are diagnosed early, disease progression often happens years after initial diagnosis. Older people with severe comorbidities are less likely to experience progression to the metastatic stage during their lifetime. Androgen deprivation therapy is influential in treating PC; however, patients may often experience severe side effects. These complications should be identified and properly managed to minimize side effects and reduce the patient's quality of life. In order to choose an appropriate treatment option, doctors must determine whether the patient is at high or low risk of developing the disease and aggressive types of PC.