فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Tripartite alignment, where intransitive subjects (S), transitive agents (A), and objects (O) receive distinct case-marking, is rare. Tati, Taleshi, and Kurmanji Kurdish, though not fully tripartite, exhibit tripartite-like effects in specific contexts, especially in past-tense clauses. These languages also display Differential Subject Marking (DSM) and Differential Object Marking (DOM), resulting in complex case-marking asymmetries. This study examines their alignment systems within a typological and functional framework, highlighting the influence of discourse features like animacy, definiteness, and topicality. Findings show that alignment is dynamic rather than fixed, shaped by both internal pressures and external influence from Persian, Azerbaijani, and Turkish. Through comparison with related Indo-Iranian languages, this research clarifies how morphosyntactic and discourse-pragmatic constraints interact in shaping alignment.