فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Nowadays, the common use of diagnostic and therapeutic ionizing radiation increases worries about excessive occupational and patient exposure. The novel fluoroscopic-guided endoscopic procedures can diminish radiation dose during urologic procedures. A “two-point technique (TPT)” is defined in which the fluoroscope image intensifier (c-arm) is shifted among caudal and cephalad set points of the operative field. Maybe patient radiation exposure is less with TPT than with a non-structured conventional technique, such as the cognitive fluoroscopic technique (CFT). As we can see the urethral lumen clearly by Ureteroscope and endoscopic visions, we rarely use X-rays during our routine procedures in our center, except for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.