Novel Anterior Segment Ocular Drug Delivery Systems in Ophthalmology: A Review Study
نویسندگان
1 School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
3 School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
4 Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
5 Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
6 Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
7 School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
8 School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
9 Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
10 Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
doi
10.22034/nmrj.2025.03.002چکیده
Objective(s): The anterior segment of the eye represents distinct challenges for drug delivery, characterized by rapid clearance, limited absorption, and anatomical barriers that restrict drug bioavailability. This review seeks to examine the latest developments in anterior segment ocular drug delivery systems designed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient adherence.Methods: A comprehensive review was performed by searching pertinent literature in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Selected articles were analyzed regarding emerging ocular drug delivery methods for the anterior segment, focusing on systems based on nanotechnology and sustained-release platforms.Results: Contemporary drug delivery systems provide enhanced drug retention, prolonged release profiles, and precise delivery mechanisms. Significant advancements encompass nanofiber scaffolds, drug-loaded soft contact lenses, punctal plug-based release systems, and intracameral/intrastromal injections that circumvent traditional barriers. These advancements improve drug bioavailability and minimize systemic side effects.Discussion: In contrast to conventional eye drops and systemic administration, these innovative methods address significant pharmacokinetic and physiological challenges. Although there is potential, the majority are still in preclinical or early clinical stages, and issues concerning safety, scalability, and patient tolerability continue to exist.Conclusions: Advanced anterior segment ocular drug delivery systems signify a notable transformation in ophthalmic treatment. Their implementation may lead to improved treatment outcomes, increased patient adherence, and a decrease in dosing frequency. Future research should focus on advancing AI-enabled drug delivery technologies and integrating personalized medicine approaches to improve therapeutic outcomes.
