فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Pistachio, which is of great economic importance in Iran, is highly susceptible to crown and root rot disease, also known as gummosis. To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic fungicides in controlling this destructive disease, different concentrations of fosetyl-Al (Elite®), potassium phosphonate, Metalaxyl (Ridomil® Gold), and phosphorous acid were tested against the major causal agents of gummosis, including Phytophthora citrophthora, P. dreschleri, P. pistaciae, and P. cryptogea under in vitro and in situ conditions. The findings revealed a significant increase in inhibition of mycelial growth in concomitant with an increase in concentration of fungicides compared with control. At concentrations of 1120, 320, 80, and 40 µg/ml, Elite, potassium phosphonate, phosphorous acid, and Ridomil, respectively, completely inhibited mycelial growth. All tested fungicides exhibited a reduction in colonization levels on branches, with potassium phosphonate at 320 µg/ml and Ridomil at 20 µg/ml concentrations showing 73% and 100% reduction, respectively. The effectiveness of fungicides in decreasing fungal colonization in the inoculation experiments on pistachio seedlings varied. Specifically, Elite, phosphoric acid, potassium phosphonate, and ridomil exhibited the highest levels of reduction, respectively. However, no significant differences were observed among the fungicide compounds with phosphite structure in inhibiting crown colonization in pistachio seedlings. These findings provide valuable insights for further investigation into the management of crown and root rot in pistachio trees.