Sustainable and Green Bio-Preparation of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Activity
نویسندگان
1 Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nisour University, Baghdad, Iraq
2 College of Health and Medical Technologies, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
3 Al-Zahrawi University, Karbala, Iraq
4 INTI International University, 71800 Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
5 Department of Pathological Anatomy, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
6 Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
7 Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, 71800 Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
8 Department of Pharmacy, Al-Turath University, Baghdad, Iraq
9 Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq
10 Department of Histology, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
11 Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Orthodontics, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
12 Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Orthodontics, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
13 Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Nursing, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, Uzbekistan
14 Department of Infectious Diseases, Andijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan
doi
10.22052/JNS.2026.03.004چکیده
This study reports a facile, entirely green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) using an aqueous extract of Artemisia annua leaves as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The bioreduction of sodium selenite yielded quasi-spherical, crystalline nanoparticles with an average diameter of 38 ± 7 nm, as confirmed by TEM and XRD analysis. FT-IR and TGA investigations revealed the formation of a substantial phytochemical corona (15–20% by mass), comprising polyphenols and flavonoids from the extract, which is responsible for colloidal stability and surface functionality. The biosynthesized Se NPs exhibited potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, demonstrating bactericidal action with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 25 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 50 µg/mL against Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the Se NPs functioned as an efficient visible-light photocatalyst, degrading 94.7% of methylene blue within 120 minutes (rate constant *k* = 0.0221 min⁻¹) and maintaining 88.3% efficiency over three reuse cycles. The dual functionality is attributed to the synergistic interplay between the narrow-bandgap trigonal selenium core and the bioactive capping layer. This work establishes a sustainable protocol for fabricating multifunctional Se NPs with significant potential in antimicrobial applications and environmental remediation.
