Design of Bio-Prepared Nanoelectrochemical Sensors Using Plant Extracts for Detection of Heavy Metals in Industrial Water
نویسندگان
1 Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
2 Department of Plant Production Technologies, College of Al-Musaib Technical, University of Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical, Babylon, Iraq
3 Polymer Engineering and Petrochemical Industries Department, University of Babylon, Iraq
doi
10.22052/JNS.2026.03.042چکیده
This work was conducted to develop and test biosynthesized electrochemical nanosensors from the plants Ficus elastica and Acalypha indica for the detection of lead (Pb²⁺), cadmium (Cd²⁺), and mercury (Hg²⁺) ions in industrial wastewater, river water, and groundwater. Metal oxides and metal nanoparticles (CuO, Ag, and ZnO) were obtained from these sensors. Carbon paste (CPE) electrodes were modified using biosynthesized nanomaterials and polyaniline (PANI) to form the electrochemical sensors. The sensor voltage was measured using cyclic voltage (CV) and square wave voltage (SWV). The developed sensors exhibited detection limits ranging from 0.07 to 0.16 µg/L. Sensor recovery rates on real, supported industrial water samples ranged from 97% to 104%, confirming the sensors’ effectiveness and high analytical sensitivity. Green synthesis offers a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable pathway for producing high-performance electrochemical sensors used in the field monitoring of heavy metals in industrial environments.
