Design and Development of a Novel Plasma System for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles from Chloride Solutions
نویسندگان
1 University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
2 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
3 Ministry of Education, Directorate of Anbar Education, Anbar, Iraq
4 College of Education, University of Fallujah, Anbar, Iraq
5 College of Education, University of Fallujah, Anbar, Iraq
doi
10.22052/JNS.2026.02.009چکیده
A plasma-assisted system was developed based on US010213614B2 to synthesise metallic nanoparticles at high concentrations. Metal chloride solutions (1000–3000 ppm) are processed in batch mode, with electrodes and an argon gas jet generating plasma at the gas–liquid interface. This triggers reactions, visible by a colour change, that form stable nanoparticle suspensions, which are then isolated by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm. Using this system, a range of nanometals—including Ni, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Cr, Fe, and Cd—were successfully synthesised with medium to very small nanoscale dimensions. The produced nanometals were further incorporated into graphene oxide–based nanocomposites at a fixed graphene oxide–to–nanometal ratio of 10:1 and evaluated as gas-sensing materials for H₂S and NO₂ detection. The metal concentrations in the nanocomposites were quantified using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), yielding values between 441.2 and 1433 ppm. Structural, optical, and morphological characterisations were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, FAAS, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), confirming successful nanoparticle formation and crystallinity. The developed plasma system demonstrated high efficiency, reproducibility, and excellent control over nanoparticle size, offering a versatile platform for advanced nanomaterial synthesis and sensor applications.
