فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Selenicereus undatus nanoemulsion (NE-SU) as a novel treatment modality for breast cancer, incorporating comprehensive analyses of its anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The nanoemulsion was successfully formulated and characterized through dynamic light scattering for particle size analysis, demonstrating a bimodal size distribution (21.2 nm and 103 nm). Chemical characterization through GC-MS of the plant extract revealed predominant bioactive compounds including tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids. In vitro studies demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with an IC50 of 81.09 µg/ml, while flow cytometry analysis revealed significant apoptosis induction (52.11 ± 2.092%) at 80 µg/ml. The nanoemulsion exhibited potent DPPH radical scavenging activity (95.37 ± 0.6997% at 320 µg/ml), comparable to vitamin C. In vivo studies using a 4T1 breast cancer mouse model showed significant tumor growth inhibition, with high-dose treatment (200 mg/kg) reducing tumor size by approximately 59% after four weeks. Molecular analyses revealed significant upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes (BAX: 3.519-fold, Caspase-3: 2.343-fold) and downregulation of anti-apoptotic BCL2 (0.3208-fold). The treatment modulated oxidative stress parameters and demonstrated notable antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Histopathological examination confirmed therapeutic efficacy through increased tumor necrosis (36.62 ± 5.828%) in treated groups. These findings establish NE-SU as a promising therapeutic agent with multiple mechanisms of action, suggesting potential applications in cancer treatment strategies.