فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Photovoltaic plants have a major efficiency loss due to centralized maximum power point tracking (CMPPT) systems which are inefficient when under partial shading or in extreme environmental conditions, especially in desert areas where dust deposition, temperature extremes and grid instability are synergistic. We used Scopus and Web of Science to search and identify 89 hardware-validated studies included in PRISMA 2020 (20232026). Only studies that reported experimental validation, quantitative measures with defined partial shading and central architecture implementation at this moment were included. A modified AMSTAR-2 tool was used to assess methodological quality and performance across control paradigms was synthesized using a weighted meta-analysis. ADRC reached statistically significant higher tracking efficiency (97.8% +1.2) and settling time (42.3 ms) in dust accumulation greater than 5g/m 2, compared to metaheuristic methods (p = 0.008). More importantly, the 86.5 percent of the studies reviewed had no field validation to combined stressors of the Iraqi desert and laboratory predictions of combined stressors overestimated actual-world performance by 2.3-4.1 times. Hybrid algorithms with greater than 120 kFLOPs would have to be implemented in FPGA which would increase bill-of-materials by an extra $10/string and create no gain in energy yield (less than 1.5%). CMPPT design to make Deployment-ready should focus on hardware-conscious algorithms that can run on low-cost microcontrollers (e.g., STM32F4, ESP32-S3), edge-tests based lightweight security (<10 ms authentication overhead) and field validation with combined environmental-electrical conditions, not simulator-only benchmarks. These principles are directly related to the scalable adoption of solar in resource-constrained areas in line with SDG 7.