Environmentally Friendly Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis Employing Nigella sativa L. Essential Oil and Investigating Their Antibacterial Potential

نویسندگان

1 General Directorate of Education in Misan, Ministry of Education, Misan, Iraq

2 General Directorate of Education in Misan, Ministry of Education, Misan, Iraq

3 General Directorate of Education in Misan, Ministry of Education, Misan, Iraq

doi
10.22052/JNS.2026.01.042
چکیده

In this study we extract the essential oils of Nigella sativa L. seeds that taken from Iraqi market using Clevenger apparatus, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopic (GC-MS) used to determine the components, A total of thirty compounds were identified by their peak values, retention time, and molecular mass. the major phytoconstituents such as Z, Z-6,13-Octadecadien-1-ol acetate (26.49%), Octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ol (21.74%), and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (15.01%) were identified by high peak values. The FT-IR spectrum analysis was also carried out, and the results confirmed the presence of functional groups such as amines, alkanes, acids, esters, alkyl and alkenes. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Nigella arvensis L. essential oils prepared, An intense surface plasmon resonance band at 431 nm, which indicates the production of nanoparticles, was used to characterize AgNPs using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Silver’s connection with essential oils is indicated by the shift of the active group peaks, as demonstrated by Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed 35.9 nm-sized silver nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) pattern unequivocally shows that the AgNPs produced in this synthesis were crystalline. Zeta potential measurements, which reached -26.3, demonstrated the stability of silver nanoparticles. Using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test, it was discovered that Nigella sativa L. essential oil was more effective against Enterococcus faecalis. The concentration of silver essential oil nanoparticles AgEO (A2) was 0.16 mg/mL, whereas the MIC of the only essential oil was 2.5 mg/mL.