فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

The environmental risk of industrial wastewater discharge is a very critical problem in Baghdad because of the high levels of harmful heavy metals, especially arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg). The existing means of detection using analysis are many times costly, non-portable, and not applicable to on-site analysis. The paper presents the creation of a green, economical and very sensitive hybrid of nanosensor reliant on the functionality of graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with Eruca sativa leaf extract to proceed with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Synthesis of the nanohybrid was done through a one-pot green reduction technique and SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and BET surface area analysis were used to characterize the nanohybrid. The best adsorption capacities of Hg(II) and As(III) (89.4 mg/g and 76.2 mg/g respectively) were obtained at optimal SPME conditions (pH 5.5, extraction time 30 min, adsorbent dosage 10mg). The procedure was linear over 1100 µg/L (R2 = 0.998) where the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.12 µg/L (Hg) and 0.18 µg/L (As), and intra-day precision (RSD = 4.2). Hg (2.893 Mg/L) and As (3.5117 Mg/L) were revealed in real-sample analysis of industrial effluents in Al-Rustamiya and Al-Dora districts in Baghdad with recoveries of 9643 and 103.7 respectively. The sensor had a high level of selectivity to frequent interferents (e.g., Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+) and maintaining a higher efficiency of over 92 percent after five regeneration cycles. The article offers a field-configurable, sustainable platform to monitor heavy metals in resource-constrained environments.