فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Telmisartan is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drug with high permeability but poor aqueous solubility, which limits its oral bioavailability. Liposomes are an effective nanocarrier system capable of improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs through incorporation into the phospholipid bilayer. Therefore, liposomal formulation represents a promising approach to enhance the solubility and biopharmaceutical performance of telmisartan. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems offer an advanced approach to overcome solubility limitations of poorly water-soluble drugs by improving their dissolution behaviour and bioavailability. To Create and optimise telmisartan-loaded liposomal nanoparticles utilising the thin film hydration approach. The thin film hydration approach was used to create telmisartan liposomes utilising different ratios of 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), and cholesterol. A phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) was used to hydrate the thin film formed after the medication and lipids were dissolved in a chloroform:methanol mixture and evaporated. To minimise particle size, the resulting dispersion was subjected to sonication. The effects of independent variables (lipid concentration, drug-to-lipid ratio, and hydration volume) on vesicle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency were examined using a full factorial design using Design Expert® software. The particle size ranged from 156-74.4 nm, with a homogeneous distribution indicated by a PDI of ≤ 0.15, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.3 or lower is considered acceptable, indicating a homogeneous population of phospholipid vesicles, and the zeta potential values of the liposomal formulations ranged from -4.7 mV to -60.9 mV, indicate excellent colloidal stability. The entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) of the formulations ranged from 78.3% to 96.05% and from 7.67% to 19.58%, respectively, which indicate excellent encapsulation of drug. Telmisartan-loaded liposomal nanoparticles can be effectively formulated using the thin film hydration method. The use of Design-Expert® facilitated the identification of optimal formulation parameters, demonstrating the potential of liposomes to enhance the delivery of poorly soluble drugs like telmisartan.