Role of Carrageenan and Health Approach for Adsorption of Safranin-T Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Polymer/CNT Surface
نویسندگان
1 College of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, Iraq
2 Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
3 College of Health and Medical Technologies, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
4 Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq
5 Department of Food Technology, Urgench State University; Uzbekistan
6 Department of Medical Physics, Al-Turath University, Baghdad, Iraq
7 College of Medicine, University of Al-Ameed, Kerbala, Iraq
8 Mazaya University College, Iraq
doi
10.22052/JNS.2025.04.027چکیده
A new hydrogel composite (κ-carrageenan-grafted poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid)/carbon nanotube (κC-g-poly(AAc-co-IA)/CNT)) was prepared through free radical graft polymerization in this work. The hydrogel network was prepared by copolymerizing acrylic acid (Ac) and itaconic acid (IA) onto the biopolymer matrix κ-carrageenan and by introducing nanofillers (like carbon nanotubes (CNTs)) for improved structural and functional characteristics. Free radical initiation was employed carefully to support effective grafting and homogeneous dispersion CNTs in the hydrogel network. To optimize the hydrogel formulation, various concentrations of CNTs, κ-carrageenan, AC, and IA were systematically investigated. The effect of these variations on the hydrogel’s network structure, porosity, and swelling behavior was studied to identify the composition that provides the best performance for dye adsorption applications. The prepared composite was extensively characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy I, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, (FTIR). These analyses revealed a porous structure with diverse functional groups, thermal stability up to 600 °C, and a high specific surface area of 366.857 m²/g. The reactivation efficiency of the prepared composite surface initially reached 93% after the first regeneration cycle, but decreased to 69% by the fifth cycle. This gradual decline indicates partial loss of active sites over successive uses. However, the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) played a critical and effective role in maintaining regeneration performance by providing a stable, high-surface-area network that supports dye desorption and the recovery of functional groups.
