Bio-Fabrication and Characterization of Zinc Sulfide/Polymer Nanoparticles for Application in Controlled Release of Vitamin B2
نویسندگان
1 Department of Higher Mathematics, Institute of Digital Technology and Economy, Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan, Russia
2 Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
3 College of Health and Medical Technologies, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
4 Department of Histоlоgy, Cytоlоgy аnd Embryоlоgy, Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Republic of Uzbekistan
5 Department of Histоlоgy, Cytоlоgy аnd Embryоlоgy, Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Republic of Uzbekistan
6 Faculty and Hospital Therapy No 1, Rheumatology, Occupational Diseases, Tashkent State Medical University, Uzbekistan
7 Department of Food Technology, Urgench State University, Uzbekistan
8 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
9 College of Pharmacy, Ahl Al Bayt University, Kerbala, Iraq
10 Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, University of Manara, Maysan, Iraq
11 Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
12 Mazaya University College, Iraq
13 Termez Branch of Tashkent State Medical University, Termez, Uzbekistan
doi
10.22052/JNS.2025.04.030چکیده
Bio-fabrication and characterization of zinc sulfide/polymer nanoparticles are demonstrated as a versatile platform for the controlled delivery of vitamin B2 (riboflavin). Zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanocrystals were synthesized in situ within a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix via a bio-facilitated precipitation polymerization, yielding PMMA–ZnS nanocomposites with uniform morphology and enhanced thermal stability. Post-synthesis loading of riboflavin (RF) into PMMA–ZnS was achieved by adsorption-diffusion, producing PMMA–ZnS–RF nanocomposites. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization by FE-SEM, FT-IR, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed homogeneous ZnS dispersion, successful RF encapsulation, and retained matrix integrity under physiologically relevant conditions. The load-bearing nanocomposites were subjected to in vitro release studies under sink conditions in PBS (pH 7.4) and simulated acidic environments (pH 5.5) at 37 °C to mimic systemic and pathological microenvironments. A dialysis-based release assay (MWCO 12–14 kDa) coupled with UV–Vis quantification demonstrated a pH-responsive, sustained release of RF over 48 h, with markedly accelerated release at pH 5.5 relative to pH 7.4, consistent with diffusion-controlled transport modulated by matrix swelling and ZnS–RF interactions. Kinetic modeling (Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas) supported a predominantly diffusion-dominated mechanism with contributions from polymer relaxation. The data indicate that PMMA–ZnS–RF systems offer tunable release profiles, potential for multimodal functionality (imaging and sensing via ZnS), and applicability to nutraceutical delivery and bioimaging paradigms.
