فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (HANP) incorporation into dental biomaterials is a promising approach that may help improve their nanostructure, chemical stability, and bioactivity. In the present work the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and premixed bioceramic (BC) sealer were adjusted with HANP, in the proportion of 2, 4, and 6 by weight and systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). FTIR proved successful incorporation of HANP without modifying the primary functional groups of the sealers. The morphological variations demonstrated by SEM were concentration-dependent: partial nanoparticle cluster, uniform dispersion with maximized nano-roughness, and agglomeration with minimal functional surface activity were observed with 2, 4, and 6 percent HANP, respectively. Elemental mapping identified Ca, P, and O and Ca/P ratios indicated that they were clearly dependent on the HANP content. The formulation of HANP (4 %) gave Ca/P ratios closest to the stoichiometric ratio of hydroxyapatite (1.67), whereas 6 % HANP was very different suggesting that it contained calcium rich domains and had low potential bioactivity. These findings reveal that moderation of HANP concentration (4%) optimizes nanostructure, elemental components, and physicochemical characteristics of MTA and BC sealers, which points to its suitability in enhancing osteoconductivity and mineralization in clinical practice.