Improvement the Dispersion of TiO2-PEG Nanoparticles as Novel and Efficient UV Filter in Sunscreen Formulation
نویسندگان
1 Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Republic of Uzbekistan
2 Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Republic of Uzbekistan
3 Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Nukus, Karakalpakstan, Republic of Uzbekistan
4 International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
5 Mamun University, Khiva, Republic of Uzbekistan
6 Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, Republic of Uzbekistan
7 Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Republic of Uzbekistan
8 Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
9 Tashkent state Medical University, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
10 Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik, Republic of Uzbekistan
11 Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan
12 Urgench state university, Urganch, Republic of Uzbekistan
13 Tashkent state University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
doi
10.22052/JNS.2025.04.072چکیده
A solvent-free, microwave-assisted protocol was developed to covalently graft poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (Mn ≈ 2 kDa) onto anatase nanocrystals at a surface density of 1.8 chains nm⁻². The resulting TiO₂-PEG hybrid disperses in caprylic/capric triglyceride as 12 ± 3 nm primary particles (PDI < 0.12) and retains 96 % of its grafted layer after 24 h at 40 °C, whereas emulsifier-free controls lose 29 % of PEG and flocculate to 680 nm. Solid-state ¹³C NMR confirms Ti–O–C ether linkages, while FT-IR shows complete loss of terminal vinyl resonances, evidencing chemisorption rather than physisorption. Photocatalytic ROS generation falls to 12 % relative to P25 (below the 15% EU photo-safe threshold) and an additional 33 % suppression is observed when polyglyceryl-6-stearate is present, attributable to a co-adsorbed lamellar barrier. In-vitro SPF testing (ISO 24444:2019) reveals SPF 50 and λ = 374 nm at only 5 wt % solids, outperforming un-coated P25 by 1.8-fold while maintaining four-star UVA coverage. Reducing the particle load to 3 wt % still yields SPF 32, validating a 40 % mineral-burden decrease without efficacy loss. The platform offers a transparent, broad-spectrum and reef-compatible UV filter that satisfies forthcoming EU low-nano mandates.
