فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Objective: Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the development and production of maize worldwide. In this regard, using nano-fertilizers to control the release of nutrients can be a practical step towards achieving sustainable agriculture and environmental adaptation, and it is vital to induce drought stress tolerance in maize.Methods: We aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-chelating-based nitrogen and NPK fertilizers on both agronomic and physiological characteristics of maize under water-deficit stress conditions. A split-plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design to test the effect of the different fertilizers. The main plots included two levels of irrigation: optimum irrigation and water-deficit stress (irrigation after 140 mm evaporation from a Class A pan). The subplots involved various combinations of nano-chelated fertilizers at five doses, alongside a control using conventional chemical fertilizers.Results: Our results indicated that water-deficit stress adversely impacted various growth and productivity characteristics in maize. However, substituting conventional chemical fertilizers with nano-chelated fertilizers, even at a minimal level (10%), notably enhanced most studied traits compared to the control under water-deficit stress conditions. Specifically, treating plants with 222 kg/ha (Treatment 3 of the nano-chelated fertilizers (nano-chelated N20P20K20 96 kg/ha + nano-chelated nitrogen 126 L/ha) of nano-chelated fertilizers instead of 840 kg/ha of chemical fertilizers (300 kg/ha of triple superphosphate, 150 kg/ha of potassium sulfate, and 390 kg/ha of urea) resulted in a 33% increase in grain yield, overall improvements in yield components, and elevated nitrogen use efficiency under drought stress. Furthermore, nano-chelated fertilizers mitigated the impact of water-deficit stress through the chlorophyll a and b content while reducing leaf temperature.Conclusion: our results indicated that nano-chelating-based macronutrient fertilizers could present a promising avenue within sustainable production systems, particularly under water-deficit stress conditions. Therefore, considering production costs and environmental problems, the application of nano-chelated N20P20K20 96 kg/ha + nano-chelated nitrogen 126 L/ha for the sustainable production of grain yield in the Fajr cultivar of maize will be sufficient, and higher levels of nano-fertilizers will be luxurious.