A Novel Indirect Functionalized of Graphene Nanosheets (Graphene/SiO2ATES) for Flexural Strength of Bone Cement
نویسندگان
1 Karshi State University, Uzbekistan
2 Tashkent State Medical University, Republic of Uzbekistan
3 Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
4 Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
5 Mamun University, Khiva, 220900, Uzbekistan
6 Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan
7 Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics of the Academy of Science of the Republic of Uzbekistan
8 Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, Republic of Uzbekistan
9 Navoi state university of mining and technology, Uzbekistan
10 Uzbek State University of Physical Culture and Sport, Uzbekistan
11 Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
12 Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
13 Jizzakh State Pedagogical university, Uzbekistan
doi
10.22052/JNS.2025.03.032چکیده
The low resistance to fracture has limited the use of indirect composite resins for bone tissue repairs, especially in areas subjected to strong occlusal forces. To address this challenge, various reinforcement methods for composites have been introduced, with graphene and functionalized graphene being among the most promising options. The primary objective of this study was to assess the flexural strength and resistance of a commercially available indirect composite resin, specifically Sinfony by 3M/ESPE, following the integration of graphene into its structure. The study also aimed to determine the effects of different treatment approaches, including the presence or absence of silanization, on the overall mechanical properties of the composite, to better understand how these modifications could enhance its performance and durability in dental applications. Composite resin samples were created using a Teflon mold. The resin was prepared following the manufacturer’s guidelines (with 10 specimens per group), incorporating graphene at three different concentrations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the graphene and graphene/SiO2-ATES samples. Additionally, a flexural test was performed in accordance with ISO 4049/2009 standards. The resulting flexural strength values, measured in MPa, were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with a significance level set at p<0.05. In comparison to the control, the addition of graphene did not significantly enhance the flexural strength of the indirect composite resin, regardless of the concentration used (p>0.05). However, when evaluating the two types of additives, graphene/SiO2-ATES demonstrated significantly greater flexural strength than all three concentrations of pure graphene (p<0.05). While silanization enhances the mechanical properties of graphene, altering the chemical bonding between graphene and graphene/SiO2-ATES in varying concentrations did not lead to an improvement in the flexural strength of the composite resin.
