فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Resistance to most antibiotics by pathogenic microbes has become a major international problem, making it necessary to find effective treatments. These resistant diseases must be stopped by effective microorganisms. A strong isolate (N11) was chosen from 30 probiotic strains screened for antibacterial activity. Bacillus thermotolerans was identified by appearance, microscopic inspection, and DNA sequencing of isolate N11. This study examined B. thermotolerans’ iron oxide nanoparticle production. Their MDR action against Klebsiella pnemoniae from diabetic foot infections was examined. Morphological, biochemical, and VITEK2 systems revealed MDR Klebsiella pnemoniae isolates. UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, FSEM, AFM, and XRD confirmed IONP biosynthesis. IONPs from B. thermotolerans were effective against MDR Klebsiella pnemoniae. FSEM analysis showed particle sizes of 25.31–64.25 nm, averaging 42 nm. AFM measured 7.677 nm particle size, and XRD measured 20 nm. Antibacterial tests revealed a maximum inhibition zone of 31 mm at 500 µg/mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, the IONPs exhibited antibiofilm activity with the highest recorded biofilm inhibition of 97.50% at 1000 µg/mL, while no haemolysis activities in all concentrations. These findings confirm the effectiveness of biosynthesized IONPs as a potential therapeutic agent for treating antimicrobial resistance in MDR pathogens.