فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

The growing worldwide need for pure water has spurred greater research into eco-friendly and effective water treatment approaches. Activated nano-carbon, valued for its numerous pores and large surface area, continues to be a key material in purification methods that use adsorption. Lately, focus has turned to synthesizing activated nano-carbon from natural materials, like farm waste, because they are inexpensive, readily available, and better for environment. This detailed review covers the basics of activated nano-carbon’s characteristics, as its surface area, pore arrangement, and how it adsorbs substances. It also looks at how the choice of starting material and activation processes i.e., physical, chemical, and using microwaves affect its qualities. Natural sources like coconut shells, wood, corn cobs, and rice husks are given special attention, with an analysis of how well they work for removing specific pollutants. The review thoroughly examines how activated nano-carbon from natural sources is used in water treatment, including the adsorption of organic pollutants, heavy metals, disinfection byproducts, and compounds that cause unpleasant tastes and smells. The benefits, such as being renewable, cost-effective, and having a smaller environmental impact, are discussed alongside drawbacks like inconsistencies in the raw materials. The review also evaluates the environmental and economic consequences, suggesting the use of life cycle assessments to maximize sustainability.