Role of Nano-Hydrogel Based Materials for Water Purification: A Comprehensive Review
نویسندگان
1 Department of Environment, College of Science, University of AL-Qadisiyah, Iraq
2 Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
3 Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
4 Department of physics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal Punjab Pakistan
5 Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
doi
10.22052/JNS.2025.03.063چکیده
The escalating global challenge of aquatic contamination, predominantly attributed to industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and domestic effluents, necessitates the development of innovative and sustainable remediation technologies. Nano-hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for water purification applications due to their unique physicochemical properties, including exceptional water retention capacity, tunable porosity, and the capability to incorporate multifunctional moieties. This comprehensive review investigates the fundamental principles governing hydrogel behavior, elucidates their contaminant removal mechanisms, encompassing adsorption, ion exchange, catalytic degradation, and size exclusion filtration, and underscores their efficacy in targeting diverse pollutants, including heavy metals, organic contaminants, pharmaceutical residues, synthetic dyes, and microplastics. The classification of hydrogels according to their source materials (natural, synthetic, composite) and architectural configurations (crosslinked networks, macroporous structures) is thoroughly examined, emphasizing their tunable characteristics for addressing specific environmental challenges. Furthermore, contemporary advances in hydrogel engineering, particularly the integration of nanoscale reinforcements and stimuli-responsive functionalities, are explored. Comparative analyses with conventional treatment methodologies demonstrate the superior advantages of hydrogel-based systems regarding cost-effectiveness, selectivity, recyclability, and ecological compatibility.
