Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Bioactivity of a Novel Nano-Schiff Base Ligand (NPTIPPE) Derived from 4-Aminoantipyrine and Its Palladium Complex
نویسندگان
1 Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
2 Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
doi
10.22052/JNS.2025.02.021چکیده
The novel nano ligand (NPTIPPE) was synthesized via a reaction sequence involving benzil, 4-aminoantipyrine, and 2-aminothiazole. Subsequently, the palladium (II) complex was formed by reacting NPTIPPE with palladium chloride in ethanol, maintaining a 1:1 metal:ligand ratio. The nano-ligand and its complex were characterized using various techniques, including NMR, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FESEM, and XRD. The 1H-NMR spectrum of NPTIPPE displayed signals corresponding to methyl and phenyl groups, while the 13C-NMR spectrum identified signals associated with the pyrazole and thiazole rings. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of azomethine and aromatic groups, with shifts indicating coordination with palladium. The UV-Vis spectra revealed intra-ligand transitions and electronic transitions consistent with a square planar geometry for the palladium (II) complexes. Molar conductivity measurements suggested ionic characteristics. XRD analysis demonstrated differences in crystallite size and dislocation density between the nano ligand and complex. The FESEM images showed distinct morphological differences, reinforcing the structural findings. Biological evaluations using MTT assays on MCF-7 cancer cells and WRL-68 healthy cells indicated that the palladium (II) complexes exhibited higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells as compared to the ligand. The IC50 values for the palladium (II) complex were 87.37 µg/mL for MCF-7 cells and 125.94 µg/mL for WRL-68 cells, suggesting its potential as an effective therapeutic agent against breast cancer.
