An Update on Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets as an Electrochemical Nano-Biosensors for Breast Cancer Detection: A Review
نویسندگان
1 Department of Oncology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2 High School of Natural Sciences, Astana International University, Astana, Kazakhstan
3 Department of social science, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
4 Termez State University, Termez, Uzbekistan
5 Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan
6 Department of Propaedeutics, Internal Medicine of the Bukhara State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
7 Department Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technologies, Chemical Technology and Ecology Almaty, Kazakhstan
8 Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan
9 Termez State University, Termez, Uzbekistan
10 Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
11 University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
12 Faculty of Philology of Uzbek and Russian language of the Kokand Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
13 Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
doi
10.22052/JNS.2024.02.022چکیده
This review presents an extensive examination of the progress made in the development of functionalized graphene nanosheets as electrochemical nano-biosensors for breast cancer detection. The distinctive characteristics of graphene, such as its substantial surface area and superior electrical conductivity, render it a highly suitable material for biosensing applications. Recent research has illustrated the efficacy of these biosensors in identifying specific biomarkers linked to breast cancer, including the BRCA1 gene and CA 15-3, demonstrating remarkable sensitivity and minimal detection limits. For example, a cutting-edge sensing platform that employs graphene oxide and ionic liquid composites has achieved a detection limit of 1.48 µg/mL for the BRCA1 gene, highlighting the potential of these materials in clinical diagnostics. Additionally, the review underscores the significance of optimizing sensor performance through various factors, such as ionic liquid concentration and hybridization time, to improve detection capabilities. Despite the encouraging findings, challenges persist regarding the reproducibility and stability of graphene materials, which call for further investigation to overcome these issues. The review also stresses the necessity for standardization in manufacturing processes and the investigation of additional biomarkers to expand the applicability of these biosensors. In summary, this manuscript highlights the transformative potential of functionalized graphene nanosheets in the early detection of breast cancer, setting the stage for future advancements in diagnostic technologies.
