فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Background and Objectives: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is an acute neurological syndrome distinguished by a variety of clinical features and characteristic neuroimaging findings associated with focal cerebral edema. Heterogeneous etiologies are encountered, with acute hypertension due to renal disorders being the principal risk factor.Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the available information regarding Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome, including its clinical manifestations and risk factors in children.   Methods: An extensive search of the PubMed database was conducted for relevant articles published from January 2010 to December 2024. Correlated data from eligible articles were extracted and described.   Results: The principal neuroimaging finding of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is bilateral cerebral vasogenic edema, predominantly located in the occipital and posterior parietal white matter. Several mechanisms contribute to this condition, including dysfunction of cerebral autoregulation due to severe acute hypertension and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier resulting from endothelial injury. The combination of acute neurological manifestations, neuroimaging findings of vasogenic edema, and the presence of related provoking disorders raises suspicion for PRES. The mainstay of treatment is supportive care. In most patients, total resolution of abnormal clinical findings and imaging features occurs.   Conclusion: Although many clinical features of pediatric PRES are similar to those in adults, there are notable differences, particularly regarding neuroimaging findings. The spectrum of clinical and neuroimaging findings of PRES in children is not widely recognized. Early diagnosis of the syndrome, identification of related risk factors, and appropriate management are crucial and can be life-saving.