فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Downy mildews, a group of obligate biotrophic oomycetes, are significant pathogens causing substantial agricultural losses globally. In Iran, these pathogens pose unaddressed challenges, impacting a wide range of economically important crops. This review consolidates current knowledge on downy mildews' taxonomy, biology, and phylogeny, focusing on their distribution and impact in Iran. We detail the various species affecting Iranian agriculture, such as Plasmopara viticola on grapevines and Pseudoperonospora cubensis on cucurbits, and highlight the economic implications and management difficulties posed by these pathogens. The review also examines historical outbreaks and their consequences, provides an overview of current diagnostic techniques, and discusses the limitations of existing management strategies in the Iranian context. Despite advances in molecular biology and genomics, the identification and control of downy mildews in Iran still need to be improved due to environmental and host diversity, limited research infrastructure, and evolving pathogen resistance. To address these issues effectively, we propose a comprehensive approach that includes: combining morphological data and the results of advanced molecular analyses; focusing on extensive sampling with the aim of identifying more than one species of some pathogenic genera on a single host species; applying enhanced molecular diagnostics; improving research collaboration; and implementing integrated pest management practices. Our findings underscore the importance of this comprehensive approach in mitigating the impact of downy mildews on Iranian agriculture.