CRISPR/Cas9 in colorectal cancer: Revolutionizing precision oncology through genome editing and targeted therapeutics
نویسندگان
1 College of Pharmacy, Alnoor University, Nineveh, Iraq
2 Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
3 Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
4 Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
5 Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of research and innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
6 Pharmacy college, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
7 Ahl al bayt University, Karbala, Iraq
8 Department of Pharmacy, Modern College of Business and Science, Muscat, Oman
9 Department of General Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751003, India
10 Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
11 Gilgamesh Ahliya University, Baghdad, Iraq
12 Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
doi
10.22038/ijbms.2025.87531.18902چکیده
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating advanced molecular therapies to improve outcomes. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing platform has emerged as a transformative tool in CRC research, enabling precise genomic modifications to suppress tumor progression, enhance chemosensitivity, and modulate oncogenic pathways. This review highlights CRISPR/Cas9 applications in CRC models, including MC38 murine and CaCO-2 cell lines, where targeted gene edits demonstrate tumor-suppressive effects. For instance, Par3L protein knockout via CRISPR/Cas9 inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and sensitizes cells to chemotherapy by regulating AMPK signaling. Additionally, AAV-mediated CRISPR editing shows promise in HPV16-driven CRC models. Despite its potential, clinical translation faces challenges such as off-target effects, immunogenicity, and delivery limitations. Advances in engineered CRISPR variants (e.g., xCas9, HypaCas9) and innovative delivery systems are refining specificity and efficacy. CRISPR/Cas9 also accelerates biomarker discovery, paving the way for precision oncology. Overcoming current barriers could revolutionize CRC therapeutics, offering personalized treatment paradigms.
